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Hurricane Alma (1962)
Hurricane Alma saw the latest development of the first storm since 1941. The first named storm of the 1962 Atlantic hurricane season, Alma formed from a tropical wave located offshore South Florida on August 26. Initially a tropical depression, it subsequently moved inland over South Florida. Impact in the state was minor, generally limited to light rainfall and rough seas. Early on August 27, the depression reemerged into the Atlantic Ocean and strengthened into Tropical Storm Alma later that day. Thereafter, it moved northeastward and remained offshore the East Coast of the United States. Alma strengthened into a hurricane on August 28, while located offshore the Outer Banks of North Carolina. In the eastern portion of the state, strong winds downed electrical poles, which caused power outages. Storm tides caused erosion in some areas. Damage in North Carolina reached $35,000 (1962 USD).
The storm continued to intensify and peaked as a 100 mph (155 km/h) Category 2 hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale on August 29. Alma weakened back to a Category 1 later on August 29, while passing offshore New England. The outer bands brought rainfall, rough seas, and strong winds, especially in Massachusetts. However, the precipitation was mostly beneficial, as New England was suffering from drought conditions. In Massachusetts, strong winds caused power and telephone outages, and felled numerous trees. Rough seas offshore Massachusetts destroyed over 100 boats. Losses in New England were less than $1 million. Alma curved eastward and weakened to a tropical storm in the northwestern Atlantic on September 30. Several hours later, the storm transitioned into an extratropical cyclone while situated south of Nova Scotia.
==Meteorological history==
A weak circulation, associated with a tropical wave,〔 was first observed by Television Infrared Observation Satellite (TIROS) in the eastern Atlantic Ocean on August 14. The system tracked westward and was observed by a research flight on August 18. Four days later, the system entered the Caribbean Sea and continued to remain disorganized. The wave moved across eastern Cuba on August 24, before emerging into the Straits of Florida on the following day.〔 The system finally began to organize, and at 1200 UTC on August 26, a tropical depression developed offshore southeastern Florida coast. Shortly thereafter, the depression made landfall near Boca Raton, Florida with winds of 30 mph (45 km/h). It traveled barely inland and emerged into the Atlantic Ocean near Fort Pierce early on August 27. The depression moved northeastward and strengthened due to its location beneath an anticyclone.〔 Later on August 27, the depression was upgraded to Tropical Storm Alma while situated about east of the Florida–Georgia border.〔
Alma steadily intensified as it paralleled the coastline of The Carolinas, becoming a hurricane on August 28 a few miles off the coast of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina.〔 Around that time, Alma attained its minimum barometric pressure of . At 0600 UTC on August 29, Alma strengthened into a Category 2 hurricane. Meanwhile, the storm also attained its maximum sustained wind speed of 100 mph (155 km/h). While located about east-southeast of Nantucket, Massachusetts, the storm weakened back to a Category 1 hurricane. A high pressure system over Atlantic Canada caused Alma to turn east-southeastward,〔 while weakening to a tropical storm on August 30. Later that day, the storm transitioned into an extratropical cyclone while situated about south-southeast of the southwestern tip of Nova Scotia. The high pressure system also caused the extratropical remnants to execute a cyclonic loop between August 31 and September 2.〔 Later that day, the extratropical remnants of Alma curved northeastward, before dissipating south of Newfoundland.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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